Yet Ancient Greek law contained major constitutional improvements in the improvement of democracy. In 1934, the Austrian thinker Hans Kelsen continued the positivist tradition in his e-book the Pure Theory of Law. Kelsen believed that although law is separate from morality, it’s endowed with “normativity”, that means we must obey it. While laws are optimistic “is” statements (e.g. the nice for reversing on a freeway is €500); law tells us what we “ought to” do. Thus, each authorized system may be hypothesised to have a basic norm instructing us to obey.
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